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About

Namaste!
I am Akash Patel

Robotics ResearcherLuleå University of TechnologyLuleå, Sweden

I build autonomy for legged, wheeled, and aerial robots that work where GPS and maps do not reach: underground mines, natural caves, and planetary analogs. The work is aimed at inspection, monitoring, search and rescue, and planetary exploration. The planners and mappers from my research have run in an Icelandic lava tube and in operating mines in northern Sweden, and the code is public on GitHub.

I am a postdoctoral researcher in Robotics and AI at Luleå University of Technology, where I defended my PhD on autonomous exploration and path planning in November 2025. I lead two work packages in the Horizon Europe project PERSEPHONE, teach in the R7010E Robotics course, and supervise Master's theses.

I came to robotics through aerospace engineering. My master's thesis was a coaxial quadrotor designed to fly on Mars, and I still work on planetary analogs: lava tubes are the closest thing on Earth to the caves on the Moon and Mars.

Path

From aerospace
to the underground

  1. 2014–2018

    UPES Dehradun, India

    B.Tech. in Aerospace Engineering. The final-year project was a UAV designed for the thin atmosphere and low gravity of Mars.

  2. 2018–2020

    Luleå University of Technology, Sweden

    M.Sc. in Space Science and Technology, through the Erasmus Mundus SpaceMaster programme. Thesis on the design, modelling, and control of a Mars coaxial quadrotor.

  3. 2021–2025

    Luleå University of Technology, Sweden

    PhD in autonomous exploration and path planning for drones and legged robots in GPS-denied environments. Defended November 2025.

  4. Now

    Luleå University of Technology, Sweden

    Postdoctoral researcher in Robotics and AI. Work-package lead in the Horizon Europe project PERSEPHONE.

Research

Robots that find
their own way

My papers are on exploration planning, traversability, and navigation for ground and aerial robots that work without GPS, often as a team. The complete list is on Google Scholar.

IEEE ICRA · 2024

STAGE

Scalable and traversability-aware graph-based exploration planner

A two-layered graph framework for large-scale exploration that reuses local sub-graphs and adapts to dynamic scene changes, updating a global navigation graph in real time to plan around blocked paths.

IEEE ICRA · 2025

Ground-aerial exploration

A hierarchical graph-based terrain-aware autonomous navigation approach for complementary multimodal ground-aerial exploration

A hierarchical graph-based framework for joint ground-aerial exploration using semantic traversability and a shared confidence metric, letting ground robots delegate unreachable regions to aerial counterparts in real subterranean missions.

IEEE T-RO · 2024

ERRT

A tree-based next-best-trajectory method for 3-D UAV exploration

ERRT is a fully integrated, ROS-based planner that combines local exploration, safe path planning, and actuation into a real-time sampling framework. Validated in simulation and in real subterranean field trials.

IEEE Aerospace Conference · 2022

Mars coaxial quadrotor

Design and model predictive control

A coaxial quadrotor for Martian caves and lava tubes, terrain that wheeled rovers cannot cross. The paper models the vehicle and tracks trajectories with a model predictive controller, compared against a PID scheme like the one on the Ingenuity helicopter.

All 16 other papers
  1. 2025

    SPADE: Towards scalable path-planning architecture on actionable multi-domain 3D scene graphs

    IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

  2. 2024

  3. 2024

    Belief scene graphs: expanding partial scenes with objects through computation of expectation

    IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

  4. 2024

  5. 2024

    Leveraging computation-of-expectation models for commonsense affordance estimation on 3D scene graphs

    IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

  6. 2023

  7. 2023

  8. 2023

  9. 2023

  10. 2023

  11. 2023

  12. 2023

    Design of a foldable laser-based energy transmission system for a mini lunar rover

    International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering (ICECCME)

  13. 2022

    Kalam Rover

    AIAA SciTech Forum

  14. 2022

    Fast planner for MAV navigation based on adaptive search of safe look-ahead poses

    Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED)

  15. 2021

    Design, modelling and control of a space UAV for Mars exploration

    M.Sc. thesis, Luleå University of Technology

  16. 2020

    Multi-sparse Gaussian process: learning-based semi-parametric control

    IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

Field

Down mines
and into caves

Lava tube, Iceland. Over several flights the drone covered more than a kilometre of passage, from the entrance to each turnaround point and back, with no pilot and no GPS.
  • Iron-ore mine, Northern Sweden

    Post-collapse rockfall assessment

    Autonomous mapping and inspection of rockfall zones after a roof collapse in an operating iron-ore mine. The survey of the affected area was produced before any person entered it.

  • Vertical mine shaft

    Autonomous vertical shaft inspection

    Full autonomy in vertical shaft exploration with high-fidelity 3D reconstruction in real underground conditions.

  • Underground mines

    Post-blast gas-measurement missions

    Autonomous post-blast gas-measurement runs in underground mines. Crews re-enter when the readings at the face show the air is clear.

  • Nordic mines, potash operations

    Underground exploration & waypoint trials

    Years of underground exploration and waypoint-navigation trials with Nordic mining companies, a mining-equipment manufacturer, and a European potash operator across EU- and industry-funded projects.

The projects behind it

Horizon Europe and Horizon 2020 projects that put drones and ground robots into operating mines, with industry partners including LKAB and Epiroc.

  • Horizon Europe
    2023 to present

    PERSEPHONE ↗

    Autonomous exploration of abandoned mines. I lead Work Packages 4 and 5, which deploy several robotic mining machines for collaborative mapping, ore detection, drill path planning, and task scheduling.

  • Horizon 2020
    2020 to 2024

    NexGen SIMS ↗

    Autonomous robotized mine-shaft inspection by drone. The team demonstrated full autonomy in vertical shaft exploration and high-fidelity 3D reconstruction in real underground conditions.

  • Horizon 2020
    2020 to 2023

    IlluMINEation ↗

    I led the university's work in Work Packages 4 and 6: autonomous exploration and mapping with drones for inspection and first response in underground mines.

Software

Open-source software
contributions

  • Co-author
    C++

    ExplorationRRT ↗

    ERRT, the T-RO 2024 planner. A ROS-based, real-time sampling framework that fuses local exploration, safe path planning, and actuation. Field-validated underground.

  • Author
    C++

    confidence_mapper ↗

    2.5D traversability-confidence mapping: elevation, slope, and a per-cell confidence metric for reactive ground navigation.

  • Author
    C++

    stage_planner ↗

    STAGE, the ICRA 2024 exploration planner. A two-layered, traversability-aware graph framework for large-scale exploration.

  • Author
    C++

    px4_comm ↗

    Communication bridge for PX4-based aerial platforms, wiring flight control into the ROS autonomy stack.

  • Author
    MATLAB

    Mars_Coaxial_Quadrotor ↗

    Design, modelling, and model-predictive control of a coaxial quadrotor for the Martian environment.

  • Author
    C++

    adaptive-stage ↗

    Adaptive exploration experiments building on the STAGE graph planner.

Contact

Get in touch

Research collaboration, thesis supervision, or a robot that has to go underground: write to me and I will answer myself.